Characterization of macrocyclic peptide drug interactions with bile salts and biorelevant colloids in the context of oral delivery

For oral peptide delivery, an improved understanding of peptide drug-bile salt interactions in solution is essential, especially given large inter- and intra-individual variability in bile salt concentrations in vivo which may contribute to low and variable peptide bioavailability (typically <0.1%). The aim of this work was to investigate the interaction of model peptide drugs with biologically relevant bile salts in solution, as well as commercially available biorelevant media.