Enabling the rational development of long-Acting contraceptive levonorgestrel intrauterine systems

Introduction: Levonorgestrel intrauterine systems (LNG-IUSs) are highly effective long-acting reversible contraceptives providing controlled drug release for 3-8 years. The complex nature of the excipients, the manufacturing challenges, and the complex release mechanisms are recognized as limiting factors in IUS development and have contributed to the limited number of IUS devices available in the market. The objective of the current research is to investigate the impact of the rate-controlling outer membrane on the performance of LNG-IUSs, with the goal of facilitating the development of IUS products.