Gel-based high-permeation vesicles for localized fulvestrant delivery to treat breast cancer

Introduction: Breast cancer is a serious health concern for women. While systemic chemotherapy is a standard treatment, it often causes significant adverse effects and limits drug exposure in breast tissues. Topical drug application leverages the unique anatomy of the breast, including its embryological origin, fat layers, and developed venous and lymphatic networks, to enhance drug exposure. However, skin serves as a major barrier to drug permeation. High permeation vesicles (HPVs), acting as nanocarriers and permeation enhancers, were evaluated for localized fulvestrant delivery to treat breast cancer.