Identification of Functional Biomarkers for Personalized Nanomedicine in Breast Cancer 3D Models

Introduction: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of mortality in women [1], highlighting the need for better therapies. While nanomedicine shows promise, its clinical translation is hindered by the limitations of 2D in vitro models. Advanced 3D spheroid and organoid models offer a more physiologically relevant platform, recapitulating tumor heterogeneity and drug response [1,2]. This study develops matrix-embedded spheroids and patient-derived organoids to assess key biomarkers influencing nanomedicine efficacy, enhancing personalized treatment strategies.