Inhalable Icariin-Loaded Micelle-in-Microparticles Targeted IL-4 Signal Pathway for COPD Treatment

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a leading global health concern and the fourth highest cause of mortality, significantly impairs quality of life [1]. Icariin (ICA), a phytochemical, exhibits anti-inflammatory and therapeutic potential for COPD [2] but suffers from poor water solubility, limiting its utility [3]. To address this, we developed a micelles-in-microparticles dry powder formulation for pulmonary delivery via inhalation. This innovative approach enhances ICA solubility and targets IL-4-induced M2 macrophages, potentially reducing COPD severity.