(266) Effect of freezing conditions, cryoprotectant concentrations, and PVP on crystallization

Introduction: Understanding the effects of freezing conditions, cryoprotectant concentrations, and the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on crystallization behavior is essential for optimizing mRNA and protein-based therapeutics. Freezing conditions impact crystallization by affecting nucleation and growth kinetics. Fast freezing leads to smaller, less-ordered crystals due to the limited time for molecular arrangement, whereas slow freezing allows for more organized crystal formation. The cooling rate also influences the degree of supercooling, which affects the polymorphic forms of the crystals [1].