(362) Bioinspired Polymer-Membrane Insulin Crystal Enables Long-Term, Self-Regulated Release

Conventional insulin therapy faces challenges of hypoglycemia and frequent injections [1-2]. Inspired by nuclear envelope [3-4], we developed an bioinspired polymeric membrane-enclosed insulin crystal (i-crystal). By integrating PLL-FPBA into membranes of i-crystal, the system dynamically gates insulin release. Under hyperglycemia/ketosis, PLL-FPBA binds glucose/β-hydroxybutyrate, imparting negative charges to expand pore sizes for accelerated release. i-crystal sustains normoglycemia for 38 days in diabetic mice and 533 hours in minipigs.