Development of a gel-forming vaginal estradiol formulation for treatment of post-menopausal atrophy

Post-menopausal vaginal atrophy develops due to hypoestrogenism, leading to reduced gland secretion, tissue elasticity, barrier function, and vaginal folds. Up to 60% of post-menopausal individuals are affected, experiencing painful urination and intercourse^1,2. Estrogen-based therapy like Estrace® cream is standard, but oral estrogen increases risks of heart disease, breast cancer, and blood clots, while vaginal creams cause discharge, odor, and inflammation^1,3,5. We developed a hypotonic, gel-forming system for vaginal administration⁵ and describe a modified version for estradiol delivery.