Boosting CAR T cells with Advanced Adjuvant Cancer Nanovaccines

Glioblastoma (GBM) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal primary brain tumor, primarily because of its aggressively invasive growth pattern, coupled with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) (1). Clinical studies have shown the potential of T cells with a specific chimeric antigen receptor targeting tumor antigens (CAR-T cells). However, the their efficacy is currently limited due to the immunosuppressive TME (2). Our study hypothesized that attacking the TME by in situ vaccination employing self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) nanotechnology will boost the efficacy of CAR-T cells.